Licab XL Tablet contains Lithium carbonate 400 mg as its active ingredient, primarily indicated for the management of bipolar disorder, including acute manic and mixed episodes, as well as maintenance treatment to prevent recurrence of mood swings. Lithium carbonate acts as a mood stabilizer by modulating neurotransmitter activity and intracellular signaling pathways, thereby reducing the frequency and severity of manic and depressive episodes. The extended-release formulation ensures a steady plasma concentration, minimizing peak-related side effects and enhancing patient compliance. Dosage should be individualized based on clinical response and serum lithium levels, typically monitored regularly to maintain therapeutic concentrations between 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L, while avoiding toxicity. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, tremor, polyuria, and mild cognitive impairment; more serious toxicities such as nephrotoxicity, hypothyroidism, and cardiac arrhythmias necessitate close monitoring. Contraindications include significant renal or cardiovascular disease, dehydration, and hypersensitivity to lithium. Caution is advised when co-administered with diuretics, NSAIDs, or ACE inhibitors due to potential lithium level alterations. Licab XL Tablet should be used under strict medical supervision with periodic laboratory assessments to ensure safety and efficacy in long-term management of bipolar disorder.